MySQL 3.23, 4.0, 4.1 Reference Manual

Copyright 1997-2008 MySQL AB, 2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc.

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Abstract

This is the MySQL Reference Manual. It documents MySQL 3.23 through MySQL 4.1.25.

Document generated on: 2008-11-03 (revision: 12255)

End of Product LifecycleActive development and support for MySQL database server versions 3.23, 4.0, and 4.1 has ended. However, for MySQL 4.0 and 4.1, there is still extended support available. For details, see http://www.mysql.com/company/legal/lifecycle/#calendar. According to the MySQL Lifecycle Policy (see http://www.mysql.com/company/legal/lifecycle/#policy), only Security and Severity Level 1 issues will still be fixed for MySQL 4.0 and 4.1. Please consider upgrading to a recent version (MySQL 5.0 or 5.1).


Table of Contents

Preface
1. General Information
1.1. About This Manual
1.2. Typographical and Syntax Conventions
1.3. Overview of MySQL AB
1.4. Overview of the MySQL Database Management System
1.4.1. What is MySQL?
1.4.2. History of MySQL
1.4.3. The Main Features of MySQL
1.5. MySQL Development Roadmap
1.5.1. MySQL 4.0 in a Nutshell
1.5.2. MySQL 4.1 in a Nutshell
1.5.3. What's New in MySQL 5.0
1.6. MySQL Information Sources
1.6.1. MySQL Mailing Lists
1.6.2. MySQL Community Support at the MySQL Forums
1.6.3. MySQL Community Support on Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
1.6.4. MySQL Enterprise
1.7. How to Report Bugs or Problems
1.8. MySQL Standards Compliance
1.8.1. What Standards MySQL Follows
1.8.2. Selecting SQL Modes
1.8.3. Running MySQL in ANSI Mode
1.8.4. MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL
1.8.5. MySQL Differences from Standard SQL
1.8.6. How MySQL Deals with Constraints
1.9. Credits
1.9.1. Developers at MySQL AB
1.9.2. Contributors to MySQL
1.9.3. Documenters and translators
1.9.4. Libraries used by and included with MySQL
1.9.5. Packages that support MySQL
1.9.6. Tools that were used to create MySQL
1.9.7. Supporters of MySQL
2. Installing and Upgrading MySQL
2.1. General Installation Issues
2.1.1. Operating Systems On Which MySQL Is Known To Run
2.1.2. Choosing Which MySQL Distribution to Install
2.1.3. How to Get MySQL
2.1.4. Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or GnuPG
2.1.5. Installation Layouts
2.2. Standard MySQL Installation Using a Binary Distribution
2.3. Installing MySQL on Windows
2.3.1. Choosing An Installation Package
2.3.2. Installing MySQL with the Automated Installer
2.3.3. Using the MySQL Installation Wizard
2.3.4. Using the Configuration Wizard
2.3.5. Installing MySQL from a Noinstall Zip Archive
2.3.6. Extracting the Install Archive
2.3.7. Creating an Option File
2.3.8. Selecting a MySQL Server Type
2.3.9. Starting the Server for the First Time
2.3.10. Starting MySQL from the Windows Command Line
2.3.11. Starting MySQL as a Windows Service
2.3.12. Testing The MySQL Installation
2.3.13. Troubleshooting a MySQL Installation Under Windows
2.3.14. Upgrading MySQL on Windows
2.3.15. MySQL on Windows Compared to MySQL on Unix
2.4. Installing MySQL from RPM Packages on Linux
2.5. Installing MySQL on Mac OS X
2.6. Installing MySQL on Solaris
2.7. Installing MySQL on NetWare
2.8. Installing MySQL from tar.gz Packages on Other Unix-Like Systems
2.9. MySQL Installation Using a Source Distribution
2.9.1. Source Installation Overview
2.9.2. Typical configure Options
2.9.3. Installing from the Development Source Tree
2.9.4. Dealing with Problems Compiling MySQL
2.9.5. MIT-pthreads Notes
2.9.6. Installing MySQL from Source on Windows
2.9.7. Compiling MySQL Clients on Windows
2.10. Post-Installation Setup and Testing
2.10.1. Windows Post-Installation Procedures
2.10.2. Unix Post-Installation Procedures
2.10.3. Securing the Initial MySQL Accounts
2.11. Upgrading MySQL
2.11.1. Upgrading from MySQL 4.0 to 4.1
2.11.2. Upgrading from MySQL 3.23 to 4.0
2.11.3. Copying MySQL Databases to Another Machine
2.12. Downgrading MySQL
2.12.1. Downgrading to MySQL 4.0
2.13. Operating System-Specific Notes
2.13.1. Linux Notes
2.13.2. Mac OS X Notes
2.13.3. Solaris Notes
2.13.4. BSD Notes
2.13.5. Other Unix Notes
2.13.6. OS/2 Notes
2.14. Environment Variables
2.15. Perl Installation Notes
2.15.1. Installing Perl on Unix
2.15.2. Installing ActiveState Perl on Windows
2.15.3. Problems Using the Perl DBI/DBD Interface
2.16. Porting to Other Systems
2.16.1. Debugging a MySQL Server
2.16.2. Debugging a MySQL Client
2.16.3. The DBUG Package
2.16.4. Comments about RTS Threads
2.16.5. Differences Between Thread Packages
3. Tutorial
3.1. Connecting to and Disconnecting from the Server
3.2. Entering Queries
3.3. Creating and Using a Database
3.3.1. Creating and Selecting a Database
3.3.2. Creating a Table
3.3.3. Loading Data into a Table
3.3.4. Retrieving Information from a Table
3.4. Getting Information About Databases and Tables
3.5. Using mysql in Batch Mode
3.6. Examples of Common Queries
3.6.1. The Maximum Value for a Column
3.6.2. The Row Holding the Maximum of a Certain Column
3.6.3. Maximum of Column per Group
3.6.4. The Rows Holding the Group-wise Maximum of a Certain Field
3.6.5. Using User-Defined Variables
3.6.6. Using Foreign Keys
3.6.7. Searching on Two Keys
3.6.8. Calculating Visits Per Day
3.6.9. Using AUTO_INCREMENT
3.7. Queries from the Twin Project
3.7.1. Find All Non-distributed Twins
3.7.2. Show a Table of Twin Pair Status
3.8. Using MySQL with Apache
4. MySQL Programs
4.1. Overview of MySQL Programs
4.2. Using MySQL Programs
4.2.1. Invoking MySQL Programs
4.2.2. Connecting to the MySQL Server
4.2.3. Specifying Program Options
4.2.4. Setting Environment Variables
4.3. MySQL Server and Server-Startup Programs
4.3.1. mysqld — The MySQL Server
4.3.2. mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script
4.3.3. mysql.server — MySQL Server Startup Script
4.3.4. mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers
4.4. MySQL Installation-Related Programs
4.4.1. comp_err — Compile MySQL Error Message File
4.4.2. make_win_src_distribution — Create Source Distribution for Windows
4.4.3. mysql_create_system_tables — Generate Statements to Initialize MySQL System Tables
4.4.4. mysqlbug — Generate Bug Report
4.4.5. mysql_fix_privilege_tables — Upgrade MySQL System Tables
4.4.6. mysql_install_db — Initialize MySQL Data Directory
4.4.7. mysql_secure_installation — Improve MySQL Installation Security
4.4.8. mysql_tzinfo_to_sql — Load the Time Zone Tables
4.5. MySQL Client Programs
4.5.1. mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Tool
4.5.2. mysqladmin — Client for Administering a MySQL Server
4.5.3. mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance and Repair Program
4.5.4. mysqldump — A Database Backup Program
4.5.5. mysqlimport — A Data Import Program
4.5.6. mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information
4.6. MySQL Administrative and Utility Programs
4.6.1. myisam_ftdump — Display Full-Text Index information
4.6.2. myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility
4.6.3. myisamlog — Display MyISAM Log File Contents
4.6.4. myisampack — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables
4.6.5. mysqlaccess — Client for Checking Access Privileges
4.6.6. mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files
4.6.7. mysqlhotcopy — A Database Backup Program
4.6.8. mysqlmanagerc — Internal Test-Suite Program
4.6.9. mysqlmanager-pwgen — Internal Test-Suite Program
4.6.10. mysql_convert_table_format — Convert Tables to Use a Given Storage Engine
4.6.11. mysql_explain_log — Use EXPLAIN on Statements in Query Log
4.6.12. mysql_find_rows — Extract SQL Statements from Files
4.6.13. mysql_fix_extensions — Normalize Table Filename Extensions
4.6.14. mysql_setpermission — Interactively Set Permissions in Grant Tables
4.6.15. mysql_tableinfo — Generate Database Metadata
4.6.16. mysql_waitpid — Kill Process and Wait for Its Termination
4.6.17. mysql_zap — Kill Processes That Match a Pattern
4.7. MySQL Program Development Utilities
4.7.1. msql2mysql — Convert mSQL Programs for Use with MySQL
4.7.2. mysql_config — Get Compile Options for Compiling Clients
4.7.3. my_print_defaults — Display Options from Option Files
4.7.4. resolve_stack_dump — Resolve Numeric Stack Trace Dump to Symbols
4.8. Miscellaneous Programs
4.8.1. perror — Explain Error Codes
4.8.2. replace — A String-Replacement Utility
4.8.3. resolveip — Resolve Hostname to IP Address or Vice Versa
5. MySQL Server Administration
5.1. The MySQL Server
5.1.1. Option and Variable Reference
5.1.2. Command Options
5.1.3. System Variables
5.1.4. Session System Variables
5.1.5. Using System Variables
5.1.6. Status Variables
5.1.7. SQL Modes
5.1.8. Server-Side Help
5.1.9. Server Response to Signals
5.1.10. The Shutdown Process
5.2. The mysqld-max Extended MySQL Server
5.3. MySQL Server Logs
5.3.1. The Error Log
5.3.2. The General Query Log
5.3.3. The Update Log
5.3.4. The Binary Log
5.3.5. The Slow Query Log
5.3.6. Server Log Maintenance
5.4. General Security Issues
5.4.1. General Security Guidelines
5.4.2. Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers
5.4.3. Security-Related mysqld Options
5.4.4. Security Issues with LOAD DATA LOCAL
5.4.5. How to Run MySQL as a Normal User
5.5. The MySQL Access Privilege System
5.5.1. What the Privilege System Does
5.5.2. How the Privilege System Works
5.5.3. Privileges Provided by MySQL
5.5.4. Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification
5.5.5. Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification
5.5.6. When Privilege Changes Take Effect
5.5.7. Causes of Access denied Errors
5.5.8. Password Hashing as of MySQL 4.1
5.6. MySQL User Account Management
5.6.1. MySQL Usernames and Passwords
5.6.2. Adding New User Accounts to MySQL
5.6.3. Removing User Accounts from MySQL
5.6.4. Limiting Account Resources
5.6.5. Assigning Account Passwords
5.6.6. Keeping Your Password Secure
5.6.7. Using SSL for Secure Connections
5.7. Running Multiple MySQL Servers on the Same Machine
5.7.1. Running Multiple Servers on Windows
5.7.2. Running Multiple Servers on Unix
5.7.3. Using Client Programs in a Multiple-Server Environment
6. Backup and Recovery
6.1. Database Backups
6.2. Example Backup and Recovery Strategy
6.2.1. Backup Policy
6.2.2. Using Backups for Recovery
6.2.3. Backup Strategy Summary
6.3. Point-in-Time Recovery
6.3.1. Specifying Times for Recovery
6.3.2. Specifying Positions for Recovery
6.4. Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery
6.4.1. Using myisamchk for Crash Recovery
6.4.2. How to Check MyISAM Tables for Errors
6.4.3. How to Repair Tables
6.4.4. Table Optimization
6.4.5. Getting Information About a Table
6.4.6. Setting Up a Table Maintenance Schedule
7. Optimization
7.1. Optimization Overview
7.1.1. MySQL Design Limitations and Tradeoffs
7.1.2. Designing Applications for Portability
7.1.3. What We Have Used MySQL For
7.1.4. The MySQL Benchmark Suite
7.1.5. Using Your Own Benchmarks
7.2. Optimizing SELECT and Other Statements
7.2.1. Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN
7.2.2. Estimating Query Performance
7.2.3. Speed of SELECT Queries
7.2.4. WHERE Clause Optimization
7.2.5. Range Optimization
7.2.6. IS NULL Optimization
7.2.7. LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN Optimization
7.2.8. ORDER BY Optimization
7.2.9. GROUP BY Optimization
7.2.10. DISTINCT Optimization
7.2.11. LIMIT Optimization
7.2.12. How to Avoid Table Scans
7.2.13. Speed of INSERT Statements
7.2.14. Speed of UPDATE Statements
7.2.15. Speed of DELETE Statements
7.2.16. Other Optimization Tips
7.3. Locking Issues
7.3.1. Internal Locking Methods
7.3.2. Table Locking Issues
7.3.3. Concurrent Inserts
7.3.4. External Locking
7.4. Optimizing Database Structure
7.4.1. Design Choices
7.4.2. Make Your Data as Small as Possible
7.4.3. Column Indexes
7.4.4. Multiple-Column Indexes
7.4.5. How MySQL Uses Indexes
7.4.6. The MyISAM Key Cache
7.4.7. MyISAM Index Statistics Collection
7.4.8. How MySQL Opens and Closes Tables
7.4.9. Drawbacks to Creating Many Tables in the Same Database
7.5. Optimizing the MySQL Server
7.5.1. System Factors and Startup Parameter Tuning
7.5.2. Tuning Server Parameters
7.5.3. The MySQL Query Cache
7.5.4. Examining Thread Information
7.5.5. How Compiling and Linking Affects the Speed of MySQL
7.5.6. How MySQL Uses Threads for Client Connections
7.5.7. How MySQL Uses Memory
7.5.8. How MySQL Uses Internal Temporary Tables
7.5.9. How MySQL Uses DNS
7.6. Disk Issues
7.6.1. Using Symbolic Links
8. Language Structure
8.1. Literal Values
8.1.1. Strings
8.1.2. Numbers
8.1.3. Hexadecimal Values
8.1.4. Boolean Values
8.1.5. NULL Values
8.2. Database, Table, Index, Column, and Alias Names
8.2.1. Identifier Qualifiers
8.2.2. Identifier Case Sensitivity
8.2.3. Function Name Parsing and Resolution
8.3. Reserved Words
8.4. User-Defined Variables
8.5. Comment Syntax
9. Internationalization and Localization
9.1. Character Set Support
9.1.1. Character Sets and Collations in General
9.1.2. Character Sets and Collations in MySQL
9.1.3. Specifying Character Sets and Collations
9.1.4. Connection Character Sets and Collations
9.1.5. Configuring the Character Set and Collation for Applications
9.1.6. Collation Issues
9.1.7. Operations Affected by Character Set Support
9.1.8. Unicode Support
9.1.9. UTF-8 for Metadata
9.1.10. Upgrading Character Sets from MySQL 4.0
9.1.11. Character Sets and Collations That MySQL Supports
9.2. The Character Set Used for Data and Sorting
9.2.1. Using the German Character Set
9.3. Setting the Error Message Language
9.4. Adding a New Character Set
9.4.1. The Character Definition Arrays
9.4.2. String Collating Support
9.4.3. Multi-Byte Character Support
9.5. How to Add a New Collation to a Character Set
9.5.1. Collation Implementation Types
9.5.2. Choosing a Collation ID
9.5.3. Adding a Simple Collation to an 8-Bit Character Set
9.6. Problems With Character Sets
9.7. MySQL Server Time Zone Support
9.8. MySQL Server Locale Support
10. Data Types
10.1. Data Type Overview
10.1.1. Overview of Numeric Types
10.1.2. Overview of Date and Time Types
10.1.3. Overview of String Types
10.1.4. Data Type Default Values
10.2. Numeric Types
10.3. Date and Time Types
10.3.1. The DATETIME, DATE, and TIMESTAMP Types
10.3.2. The TIME Type
10.3.3. The YEAR Type
10.3.4. Year 2000 Issues and Date Types
10.4. String Types
10.4.1. The CHAR and VARCHAR Types
10.4.2. The BINARY and VARBINARY Types
10.4.3. The BLOB and TEXT Types
10.4.4. The ENUM Type
10.4.5. The SET Type
10.5. Data Type Storage Requirements
10.6. Choosing the Right Type for a Column
10.7. Using Data Types from Other Database Engines
11. Functions and Operators
11.1. Operator and Function Reference
11.2. Operators
11.2.1. Operator Precedence
11.2.2. Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation
11.2.3. Comparison Functions and Operators
11.2.4. Logical Operators
11.3. Control Flow Functions
11.4. String Functions
11.4.1. String Comparison Functions
11.4.2. Regular Expressions
11.5. Numeric Functions
11.5.1. Arithmetic Operators
11.5.2. Mathematical Functions
11.6. Date and Time Functions
11.7. What Calendar Is Used By MySQL?
11.8. Full-Text Search Functions
11.8.1. Natural Language Full-Text Searches
11.8.2. Boolean Full-Text Searches
11.8.3. Full-Text Searches with Query Expansion
11.8.4. Full-Text Stopwords
11.8.5. Full-Text Restrictions
11.8.6. Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search
11.9. Cast Functions and Operators
11.10. Other Functions
11.10.1. Bit Functions
11.10.2. Encryption and Compression Functions
11.10.3. Information Functions
11.10.4. Miscellaneous Functions
11.11. Functions and Modifiers for Use with GROUP BY Clauses
11.11.1. GROUP BY (Aggregate) Functions
11.11.2. GROUP BY Modifiers
11.11.3. GROUP BY and HAVING with Hidden Fields
12. SQL Statement Syntax
12.1. Data Definition Statements
12.1.1. ALTER DATABASE Syntax
12.1.2. ALTER TABLE Syntax
12.1.3. CREATE DATABASE Syntax
12.1.4. CREATE INDEX Syntax
12.1.5. CREATE TABLE Syntax
12.1.6. DROP DATABASE Syntax
12.1.7. DROP INDEX Syntax
12.1.8. DROP TABLE Syntax
12.1.9. RENAME TABLE Syntax
12.2. Data Manipulation Statements
12.2.1. DELETE Syntax
12.2.2. DO Syntax
12.2.3. HANDLER Syntax
12.2.4. INSERT Syntax
12.2.5. LOAD DATA INFILE Syntax
12.2.6. REPLACE Syntax
12.2.7. SELECT Syntax
12.2.8. Subquery Syntax
12.2.9. TRUNCATE Syntax
12.2.10. UPDATE Syntax
12.3. MySQL Utility Statements
12.3.1. DESCRIBE Syntax
12.3.2. EXPLAIN Syntax
12.3.3. HELP Syntax
12.3.4. USE Syntax
12.4. MySQL Transactional and Locking Statements
12.4.1. START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Syntax
12.4.2. Statements That Cannot Be Rolled Back
12.4.3. Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit
12.4.4. SAVEPOINT and ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT Syntax
12.4.5. LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Syntax
12.4.6. SET TRANSACTION Syntax
12.5. Database Administration Statements
12.5.1. Account Management Statements
12.5.2. Table Maintenance Statements
12.5.3. User-Defined Function Statements
12.5.4. SET Syntax
12.5.5. SHOW Syntax
12.5.6. Other Administrative Statements
12.6. Replication Statements
12.6.1. SQL Statements for Controlling Master Servers
12.6.2. SQL Statements for Controlling Slave Servers
12.7. SQL Syntax for Prepared Statements
13. Storage Engines
13.1. The MyISAM Storage Engine
13.1.1. MyISAM Startup Options
13.1.2. Space Needed for Keys
13.1.3. MyISAM Table Storage Formats
13.1.4. MyISAM Table Problems
13.2. The InnoDB Storage Engine
13.2.1. InnoDB Overview
13.2.2. InnoDB Contact Information
13.2.3. InnoDB in MySQL 3.23
13.2.4. InnoDB Configuration
13.2.5. InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables
13.2.6. Creating the InnoDB Tablespace
13.2.7. Creating and Using InnoDB Tables
13.2.8. Adding, Removing, or Resizing InnoDB Data and Log Files
13.2.9. Backing Up and Recovering an InnoDB Database
13.2.10. Moving an InnoDB Database to Another Machine
13.2.11. InnoDB Transaction Model and Locking
13.2.12. InnoDB Performance Tuning Tips
13.2.13. Implementation of Multi-Versioning
13.2.14. InnoDB Table and Index Structures
13.2.15. InnoDB File Space Management and Disk I/O
13.2.16. InnoDB Error Handling
13.2.17. Restrictions on InnoDB Tables
13.2.18. InnoDB Troubleshooting
13.3. The MERGE Storage Engine
13.3.1. MERGE Table Problems
13.4. The MEMORY (HEAP) Storage Engine
13.5. The BDB (BerkeleyDB) Storage Engine
13.5.1. Operating Systems Supported by BDB
13.5.2. Installing BDB
13.5.3. BDB Startup Options
13.5.4. Characteristics of BDB Tables
13.5.5. Restrictions on BDB Tables
13.5.6. Errors That May Occur When Using BDB Tables
13.6. The EXAMPLE Storage Engine
13.7. The ARCHIVE Storage Engine
13.8. The CSV Storage Engine
13.9. The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine
13.10. The ISAM Storage Engine
14. Replication
14.1. Introduction to Replication
14.2. Replication Implementation Overview
14.3. Replication Implementation Details
14.3.1. Replication Relay and Status Files
14.4. How to Set Up Replication
14.5. Replication Compatibility Between MySQL Versions
14.6. Upgrading a Replication Setup
14.6.1. Upgrading Replication to 4.0 or 4.1
14.7. Replication Features and Known Problems
14.8. Replication Startup Options
14.9. How Servers Evaluate Replication Rules
14.10. Replication FAQ
14.11. Troubleshooting Replication
14.12. How to Report Replication Bugs or Problems
15. MySQL Cluster
15.1. MySQL Cluster Overview
15.1.1. MySQL Cluster Core Concepts
15.1.2. MySQL Cluster Nodes, Node Groups, Replicas, and Partitions
15.2. Simple Multi-Computer How-To
15.2.1. Hardware, Software, and Networking
15.2.2. Multi-Computer Installation
15.2.3. Multi-Computer Configuration
15.2.4. Initial Startup
15.2.5. Loading Sample Data and Performing Queries
15.2.6. Safe Shutdown and Restart
15.3. MySQL Cluster Configuration
15.3.1. Building MySQL Cluster from Source Code
15.3.2. Installing the Cluster Software
15.3.3. Quick Test Setup of MySQL Cluster
15.3.4. Configuration File
15.3.5. Overview of Cluster Configuration Parameters
15.3.6. Configuring Parameters for Local Checkpoints
15.4. MySQL Cluster Options and Variables
15.4.1. MySQL Cluster Server Option and Variable Reference
15.4.2. MySQL Cluster-Related Command Options for mysqld
15.4.3. MySQL Cluster System Variables
15.4.4. MySQL Cluster Status Variables
15.5. Upgrading and Downgrading MySQL Cluster
15.5.1. Performing a Rolling Restart of the Cluster
15.5.2. MySQL Cluster 4.1 Upgrade and Downgrade Compatibility
15.6. Process Management in MySQL Cluster
15.6.1. MySQL Server Process Usage for MySQL Cluster
15.6.2. ndbd — The Storage Engine Node Process
15.6.3. ndb_mgmd — The Management Server Process
15.6.4. ndb_mgm — The Management Client Process
15.6.5. Command Options for MySQL Cluster Processes
15.7. Management of MySQL Cluster
15.7.1. Summary of MySQL Cluster Start Phases
15.7.2. Commands in the MySQL Cluster Management Client
15.7.3. Event Reports Generated in MySQL Cluster
15.7.4. NDB Log Messages
15.7.5. Single User Mode
15.7.6. Quick Reference: MySQL Cluster SQL Statements
15.8. MySQL Cluster Security Issues
15.8.1. MySQL Cluster Security and Networking Issues
15.8.2. MySQL Cluster and MySQL Privileges
15.8.3. MySQL Cluster and MySQL Security Procedures
15.9. On-line Backup of MySQL Cluster
15.9.1. Cluster Backup Concepts
15.9.2. Using The Management Client to Create a Backup
15.9.3. ndb_restore — Restore a Cluster Backup
15.9.4. Configuration for Cluster Backup
15.9.5. Backup Troubleshooting
15.10. MySQL Cluster Utility Programs
15.10.1. ndb_config — Extract NDB Configuration Information
15.10.2. ndb_cpcd — Automate Testing for NDB Development
15.10.3. ndb_delete_all — Delete All Rows from NDB Table
15.10.4. ndb_desc — Describe NDB Tables
15.10.5. ndb_drop_index — Drop Index from NDB Table
15.10.6. ndb_drop_table — Drop NDB Table
15.10.7. ndb_error_reporter — NDB Error-Reporting Utility
15.10.8. ndb_print_backup_file — Print NDB Backup File Contents
15.10.9. ndb_print_schema_file — Print NDB Schema Fi